마트에서 장 보기

Literal This supermarket-at apples-as-for where-at exist?

Asking a staff member where a product is located using the topic particle 은 and location question 어디에.

• 이 = this (demonstrative adjective)
• 에서 = at/in (location particle for actions)
• 은 = topic particle highlighting 사과 as the subject of inquiry
• 어디에 = where (question word + location particle)
• 있어요? = to exist/be (polite question form)

Literal Over there fruit corner-at exist.

Answering a location question with 저기 (over there) and specifying the section with 에 (location particle for existence).

• 저기 = over there (distal demonstrative adverb)
• 에 = at/in (location particle for existence, not action)
• 있어요 = to exist/be found (polite)

Literal Apples one bag-per how much is?

Asking the price using 얼마예요?, the essential price question. 봉지 is the counter/noun for bags of produce. 한 is the native Korean number for 'one'.

• 한 = one (native Korean number used with counters)
• 봉지 = bag (also functions as a counter for bagged goods)
• 에 = per/for (price particle)
• 얼마예요? = how much is it? (standard price inquiry, polite)

Literal Five-thousand won is.

Stating a price using sino-Korean numbers. 오 (5) + 천 (1,000). The copula 이에요 attaches after a consonant-ending noun.

• 오 = 5 (sino-Korean number)
• 천 = 1,000 (sino-Korean unit)
• 원 = Korean won (currency unit)
• 이에요 = is/am/are (polite copula after consonant-ending noun)

Literal More cheap thing-as-for not exist?

Using 더 (more) with the modifier form of an adjective for comparison. 것 nominalizes the adjective phrase, and 없어요 asks about non-existence.

• 더 = more (comparative adverb)
• 싼 = cheap (adjective modifier form of 싸다)
• 것 = thing (nominalizer)
• 은 = topic particle
• 없어요? = does not exist / don't have (polite question)

Literal This-side-at discount product-subject exist.

Using 이쪽 (this side/direction) to guide a customer. 이 marks 상품 as the grammatical subject with the existence verb 있어요.

• 이쪽 = this side/direction (proximal demonstrative)
• 에 = at/on (location particle for existence)
• 할인 = discount (noun used as modifier)
• 상품 = product/item
• 이 = subject particle
• 있어요 = there are / exist (polite)

Literal Eggs one tray-also please give.

Using the polite request form -주세요 after the item. 판 is the counter for egg trays (one tray = 30 eggs). 도 adds the nuance of 'also/in addition'.

• 계란 = eggs
• 한 판 = one tray (native Korean number + counter 판)
• 도 = also/too (additive particle replacing subject/object particle)
• 주세요 = please give me (polite imperative request)

Literal Bag need-do-you?

A common cashier question using 필요하세요?, the polite question form of 필요하다 (to need). No particle is needed before 필요하세요 in this casual checkout exchange.

• 봉투 = shopping bag (reusable or plastic)
• 필요하다 = to need (하다 verb)
• -세요? = polite question ending derived from -(으)시어요 (honorific)

Literal Yes, one please give.

A concise polite response using 하나 (the standalone native Korean word for 'one') followed by the core request form 주세요.

• 네 = yes (polite affirmative)
• 하나 = one (native Korean number used standalone, not with a counter here)
• 주세요 = please give me (polite request)

Literal Change here exist/is.

A cashier's phrase when returning change. 여기 있어요 is the natural way to say 'here it is' when handing something over.

• 거스름돈 = change (money returned after payment)
• 여기 = here (proximal location adverb)
• 있어요 = here it is / exists (polite; used when presenting an object)